to assess automatic interactions between WM and attention. The work is built around a procedure used by Soto et al. This study aims to assess the relations between the neural structures supporting attentional guidance from representations in WM, which can be of a more visual or verbal nature. There is limited work dealing with how, at a neural level, verbal knowledge in WM can bias visual selection, and current models are silent on this topic. Similarly, holding a word in WM can automatically draw attention to a matching item in a subsequent search task. For example, semantic associations between the representation of a target in WM (e.g., a motorbike) and a distractor in the search display (“helmet”) can attract attention to the distractor. Nevertheless, recent behavioral work demonstrates that visual attention can be driven through more verbal relationships between WM and the visual array. To date the neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies on WM‐based guidance of attention have only examined effects from visual WM, when WM items were visually identical to the items presented in the search array. Neural accounts of attention, including the influential biased competition model, suggest that WM influences attention through re‐entrant activation of visual pathways. Behaviorally, the focus of attention can be automatically attracted to the space occupied by stimuli matching the current contents of WM. The mechanisms of attention and working memory (WM) work in a closely orchestrated way.

We discuss the evidence for understanding the neural systems mediating attention effects from WM. There was also evidence for cue validity effects from colored shapes and written stimuli operating through different subthalamic nuclei. The lateral occipital cortex, however, tended to be more activated with written word cues, and rTMS to the lateral occipital complex tended to disrupt effects from written words more than from colored shapes in WM.

rTMS to the SFG disrupted WM effects from colored shapes. Colored shapes, but not words, in WM activated the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and recognition memory areas in the temporal lobe when the contents of WM matched a stimulus in a subsequent search display.

Here, we present converging evidence from functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which indicates that both common and distinct neural regions mediate the influence of visuoverbal representations on WM. Though there is behavioral evidence for verbal guidance (written words) as well as guidance by more visual cues in WM, we have limited understanding of how these two representational formats influence the guidance of visual selection at a neural level. Recent research indicates that working memory (WM) and attention interact, with attention automatically biased to stimuli that match the contents of WM.

Wise memory optimizer 3.65 review